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View ChartCardano (ADA) is a decentralized proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain platform intended for use by developers around the world. Cardano uses a proof-of-stake (PoS) protocol named Ouroboros, which was in contrast to Bitcoin and Ethereum, which used proof-of-work protocols (though the latter switched over in 2022). The ADA token is designed to ensure that owners can participate in the operation of the network, and it is also given to verifiers as a reward for running the proof-of-stake system.
Cardano's development roadmap is divided into five eras: Byron, which established the foundation and ADA transactions; Shelley, which brought decentralization via staking; Goguen, which introduced smart contracts; Basho, which focuses on scalability improvements; and Voltaire, which focuses on on-chain governance. The blockchain's cryptocurrency token is named ADA after the English mathematician Ada Lovelace (Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace), who is widely regarded as the world's first computer programmer.
Cardano was first released on 27 September 2017, and the mainnet went live in September 2017. It was financed in 2017 by an ICO that raised $62 million. ADA has a maximum supply of 45 billion, a total supply of approximately 44.99 billion, and a circulating supply of approximately 36.79 billion (about 81.77%). The contract address, as listed on CoinMarketCap and ChangeNOW, is 0x3ee2200efb3400fabb9aacf31297cbdd1d435d47.
While Bitcoin was developed as a peer-to-peer payment system, Cardano is focused on fostering a general blockchain ecosystem that allows developers to create other tokens, decentralized applications (dApps), and any other uses that a scalable blockchain network can host.
Cardano's PoS consensus mechanism uses staking to validate transactions and reward validators with cryptocurrency, whereas Bitcoin's PoW relies on mining. Cardano's PoS uses drastically less energy than Bitcoin's PoW, as it removes the need for computers to consume large amounts of electricity powering complex mining processes.
Cardano's PoS consensus mechanism also makes its validation process more accessible to the average user than Bitcoin's PoW. Cardano staking can be done simply by installing compatible wallet software on computers or devices. While Bitcoin mining can also be done this way, it is not very efficient, even when done through a pool, which is the least commitment-intensive mining option.
Cardano uses an extended UTXO (EUTXO) ledger model to facilitate smart contracts and scripting languages. Its architecture separates the settlement layer, which keeps track of ADA transactions, from the computation layer, which is designed to be similar to Ethereum and enables smart contracts and applications to run on the platform. This layered structure improves flexibility and makes future upgrades easier to implement.
Protocol changes, treasury spending and even the constitution are proposed and decided on-chain. ADA holders take part by delegating their voting power to a representative or by registering as one themselves, while stake pool operators and a constitutional committee provide checks and balances.
Delegating ADA to a stake pool never moves it out of your wallet. There is no lock-up period, no minimum amount to delegate, and no slashing: the protocol cannot take your ADA as a penalty. Registering your stake key takes a refundable deposit, and you can spend or re-delegate at any time. The two official Cardano wallets are the Daedalus wallet (full node) and the Yoroi wallet (light node), and block explorers such as Cardanoscan.io and explorer.cardano.org let you verify activity on the network yourself.
In October 2026, the Cardano Foundation announced the mainnet launch of CIP-0113, a native token standard that lets issuers freeze, seize, and restrict assets. The new standard is aimed at regulated stablecoins, funds and bonds.
As with any cryptocurrency, ADA carries risks. Its price can be highly volatile, regulatory policies can change, and technical issues may arise. These points are uncertainties rather than predictions, and nothing here should be taken as a guarantee of future performance.
ADA can be purchased on major centralized and decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges, and it can also be held in self-custodial wallets. Once acquired, ADA can be stored in the official wallets Daedalus (full node) or Yoroi (light node), which are used for storage, staking and voting in Project Catalyst rather than as places to buy ADA.
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Trade| Comparison Feature | Cardano (ADA) | Ethereum (ETH) |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting Model | Extended UTXO (EUTXO) model; native support for parallel processing and predictable fees | Account-based model; sequential transaction execution and highly volatile Gas fees |
| Consensus Mechanism | Ouroboros PoS (Native staking without lockup periods or slashing risks) | Gasper PoS (Staking requires locked funds with slashing penalties for protocol violations) |
| Programming Language | Haskell / Plutus (Functional programming model ensuring high code security) | Solidity (Object-oriented programming language with a massive developer ecosystem) |
| Governance Model | On-chain decentralized governance in the Voltaire era (Catalyst treasury fund) | Off-chain community discussions and governance via EIP proposals |
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